/etc/*-release 文件

release 文件通常被视为操作系统的标识。在 /etc 目录下放置了很多记录着发行版各种信息的文件，每个发行版都各自有一套这样记录着相关信息的文件。

通常使用命令 ls /etc/*-release 即可看出发行版类型，接着使用命令 cat /etc/os-release 即可看出发行版的版本号等详细信息。

下面是一组在 Ubuntu/Debian/Alpine/Oracle Linux 系统上显示出来的文件内容。

• Ubuntu

  ls /etc/*release /etc/lsb-release /etc/os-release cat /etc/os-release NAME="Ubuntu" VERSION="18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver)" ID=ubuntu ID_LIKE=debian PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04 LTS" VERSION_ID="18.04" HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/" SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/" PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy" VERSION_CODENAME=bionic UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic

• Debian

  ls /etc/*release /etc/os-release cat /etc/os-release PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)" NAME="Debian GNU/Linux" VERSION_ID="12" VERSION="12 (bookworm)" VERSION_CODENAME=bookworm ID=debian HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/" SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"

• Alpine Linux

  ls /etc/*release /etc/alpine-release /etc/os-release cat /etc/os-release NAME="Alpine Linux" ID=alpine VERSION_ID=3.23.2 PRETTY_NAME="Alpine Linux v3.23" HOME_URL="https://alpinelinux.org/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/-/issues"

• Oracle Linux

  ls /etc/*release /etc/oracle-release /etc/os-release /etc/redhat-release /etc/system-release cat /etc/os-release NAME="Oracle Linux Server" VERSION="7.9" ID="ol" ID_LIKE="fedora" VARIANT="Server" VARIANT_ID="server" VERSION_ID="7.9" PRETTY_NAME="Oracle Linux Server 7.9" ANSI_COLOR="0;31" CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:oracle:linux:7:9:server" HOME_URL="https://linux.oracle.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://github.com/oracle/oracle-linux" ORACLE_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Oracle Linux 7" ORACLE_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=7.9 ORACLE_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Oracle Linux" ORACLE_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=7.9